Multifunctional composite film based on biodegradable grape skin and polyvinyl alcohol

In winemaking, large amounts of grape skin (GS) are generated as by-products, which contain not only abundant degradable cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin but various functional polyphenols. contrast to most studies focusing on the utilization extractives, current study investigates use ultrasonicated (UGS) containing all components develop a multifunctional composite film. Owing dissociation during ultrasonication, GS were well dispersed in water obtain UGS suspension. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that celluloses successfully transformed into cellulose nanofibers, can improve uniformity Subsequently, biodegradable films fabricated by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The PVA formed good interface, was attributable strong hydrogen bonds, resulting exhibited excellent thermal stability moisture-sensitive mechanical properties. polyphenols suspension endowed film with multiple functions, including pH-responsive color change, antioxidant activity, ultraviolet shielding, antimicrobial enhanced flexibility, strength, elongation Therefore, easily prepared, tailored, multifunctional, UGS/PVA exhibits superior potential for application agriculture, cosmetics, healthcare.